Venous skin ulcer

A skin ulcer is a type of wound that develops on the skin. A venous skin ulcer is a shallow wound that occurs when the leg veins don't return blood back toward the heart the way they should. This is called venous insufficiency.

These ulcers usually form on the sides of the lower leg, above the ankle and below the calf.

Venous skin ulcers are slow to heal and often come back if you don't take steps to prevent them.

A venous skin ulcer is also called a stasis leg ulcer.

The first sign of a venous skin ulcer is skin that turns dark red or purple over the area where the blood is leaking out of the vein. The skin also may become thick, dry, and itchy.

Without treatment, an ulcer may form. The ulcer may be painful. You also may have swollen and achy legs.

If the wound becomes infected, the infection may cause an odor, and pus may drain from the wound. The area around the wound also may be more tender and red.

Call your doctor when you first notice the signs of a venous skin ulcer, because you may be able to prevent the ulcer from forming. If an ulcer has formed, get treatment right away, because new and smaller ulcers tend to heal faster than larger ones.

Your doctor will diagnose venous skin ulcers by asking questions about your health and looking at your legs. Your doctor may also use duplex Doppler ultrasound to find out what is causing the ulcer. This test shows how well blood is moving through the lower leg.

Your doctor may use other tests to check for problems related to venous skin ulcers or to recheck the ulcer if it does not heal within a few weeks after the start of treatment.

The first step involves improving blood circulation. To do this, you can:

• Lift your legs above the level of your heart as often as possible. For example, lie down and then prop up your legs with pillows.
• Wear compression stockings or bandages. These help prevent blood from pooling in your legs.
• Walk daily. Walking helps your blood circulation.

To help your ulcer heal, your doctor may also remove dead tissue from the wound (debridement).

After your ulcer has healed, continue to wear compression stockings. Take them off only when you bathe and sleep. Compression therapy helps your blood circulate and helps prevent other ulcers from forming.

If your ulcer doesn't heal within a few months, your doctor may advise other treatment, such as:

• Medicine to speed healing or get rid of an infection (antibiotics).
• Skin grafting, which may be needed for deep or hard-to-heal ulcers.
• Vein surgery, which may keep ulcers from coming back.

• Follow your doctor's instructions on how to clean the ulcer and change the bandage.
• If your doctor prescribed antibiotics, take them as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics.
• Lift your legs above the level of your heart as often as possible. For example, lie down and then prop up your legs with pillows.
• Wear compression stockings or bandages. They help the blood circulate in your legs. And they help prevent blood from pooling in your legs. But there are different types of stockings, and they need to fit right. So your doctor will recommend what you need.
• After your ulcer has healed, continue to wear compression stockings. Take them off only when you bathe and sleep. Compression helps your blood circulate and helps prevent other ulcers from forming.
• Walk daily. Walking helps your blood circulation.